Children of Vienna
Galina Toktalieva for Die Wiener Nachrichten
Photo by author
Audacious I am presenting here collection of photos depicting small beggars in Vienna streets. Very often they are accompanied by adults who hide themselves somewhere and then take away collected rewards. I photographed already so often the beggars, that knew all of them in the face. Some time after the begging in the streets with children will be prohibited. I associated myself with these downtrodden people, as it was very hard time for me in Austrian capital, when I lived on nobody knows what and didn’t see any improvement for myself in the future. It is difficult to photograph homeless children, they are afraid of everybody, and many a time I asked myself, do I have moral right to do that.
Fertility Intentions and Preferences: Effects of Structural and Financial Incentives and Constraints in Austria, Henriette Engelhardt
Starting from the low period fertility rates in Austria, this paper addresses the question to which extent these low rates can be accounted for by effects of structural and financial measures employed in Austria. Using data from the Population Policy Acceptance Survey 2001, we analyse the effects of these two publicly controversial discussed incentives on the desired total number of children, on wanting no more children, and on fertility aspirations under the implementation of certain public policies. Based on zero-inflated Poisson models we find that only structural constraints have an effect on the desired number of children, while financial constraints have no effect.
Logistic regression results suggest that neither structural nor financial factors affect the desire for wanting more children. Concerning the fertility aspiration under the implementation of certain policy measures our results based on matching methods indicate that both structural and financial incentives would have an effect on thinking about having a child, on deciding to have a child, as well as on having the first/next child sooner. However, at parity zero financial incentives seemed to be more important, while at parity one especially structural incentives are the driving force of fertility aspirations.
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